Trauma informed approach in schools
How can trauma affect children?
If a child experiences an event which overwhelms them (for example the loss of a loved one or exposure to violence), which they are not able to process, and they don't have an emotionally available adult to support them, this can be very traumatic and the effects of which can be long-lasting.
Although traumatic events often happen externally to us, they are quickly absorbed by our mind and body and can have significant long term mental and physical effects.
The ACE study (Adverse Childhood Experiences), one of the biggest public health studies of all time, found that children that had been exposed to ACEs were at increased risk of physical illness (including cancer, diabetes and heart attacks), mental illness (including depression and anxiety) and early death. The 17,000 participants were also more likely to be homeless, addicted to drugs or alcohol, smoke and commit domestic violence offences.
What is a trauma-informed approach?
A trauma informed school is one that supports children and young people who have suffered trauma or mental health issues (in particular trauma, abuse, neglect and mental health or attachment issues), whose resulting behaviour acts as a barrier to learning. A trauma informed approach seeks to protect pupils, parents and staff alike, and the wellbeing of all is the highest priority, and those following this approach understand that behaviour is a form of communication.
Vulnerable children will have daily access to at least one emotionally-available adult, who believes in them, understands both the person and their life story, and will respond in a kind, positive and compassionate way. By removing all shouting, criticisms and shaming from the setting, instead of feeling bombarded and anxious, children should feel safe and calm.
There will typically be a focus on clearly defining staff and pupil roles, staff establishing themselves as safe individuals amongst pupils, creating an environment of respect, enabling pupils to make informed choices about their education, connecting pupils with appropriate internal and external resources and people. PACE (playfulness, acceptance, curiosity and empathy) is a way of thinking, feeling, communication and behaving in such a way that makes children feel safe, which is frequently followed by trauma informed schools. You can find out more about this approach by clicking here.
It is important to note at this stage of the article that working with traumatised pupils can be overwhelming for staff too, and so learning to manage personal and professional stress is vital to the success of the trauma informed approach. Staff are actively encouraged to recognise their limits, take time out or seek professional help when needed, plus seek support from co-workers, family and friends.
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